Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff and the subacromial bursa get pinched between the humerus (upper arm bone) and the acromion (part of the shoulder blade). This condition leads to pain, inflammation, and restricted movement, especially when raising the arm overhead. It is commonly caused by repetitive overhead activities, poor posture, muscle imbalances, or aging-related degeneration. Shoulder impingement can worsen over time, leading to rotator cuff tendinitis, bursitis, or even rotator cuff tears. Treatment includes rest, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, and in severe cases, arthroscopic surgery to relieve compression and restore normal shoulder function.

Causes of Shoulder Impingement

  • Repetitive overhead movements (e.g., swimming, tennis, weightlifting).

  • Poor posture (rounded shoulders, forward head position).

  • Weak or imbalanced shoulder muscles.

  • Aging-related degeneration of rotator cuff tendons.

  • Bone spurs in the shoulder joint.

Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement

  • Pain in the front or side of the shoulder, especially when lifting the arm.

  • Weakness in the affected shoulder.

  • Difficulty reaching behind the back (e.g., fastening a bra or scratching the back).

  • Pain that worsens at night, especially when sleeping on the affected side.

  • Clicking or popping sensation with movement.

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination (Neer’s test, Hawkins-Kennedy test).

  • X-rays (to check for bone spurs or joint abnormalities).

  • MRI or ultrasound (to assess soft tissue damage).

Prevention Strategies

  • Maintain good posture (avoid slouching and rounded shoulders).

  • Strengthen rotator cuff and shoulder stabilizer muscles.

  • Avoid repetitive overhead motions or take breaks during activity.

  • Use proper lifting techniques to reduce shoulder strain.

  • Stretch before and after exercise to maintain flexibility.

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